农村改革对高速经济增长的贡献

The contribution of rural reform to high-speed economic growth

自农村实行家庭联产承包制,一举解决了农业生产缺乏激励的问题之后,在40年改革开放时期,农村改革乃至整体经济改革始终围绕着赋予农民对生产要素的配置权利进行,使农村劳动力得以不断退出生产率低的生产活动,日益充分地在地区之间、城乡之间、产业之间流动,并依次进入生产率更高的生产活动。这个过程表现为经济发展过程中农业产值和就业份额的下降,背后的逻辑则是资源的重新配置,导致整体劳动生产率的提高和中国经济高速增长,并因城乡就业更加充分带来全体居民对改革发展成果的分享。中国以农村改革为历史起点和逻辑主线的这一改革发展分享历程,完整检验了发展经济学的诸多理论预期,堪称二元经济发展的经典案例。按照相同的逻辑,以解决"三农"相关问题进而变成中国经济可持续增长为导向的进一步改革,应该继续围绕消除妨碍资源有效配置的体制障碍进行。

The household contract system in rural areas solved the problem of lack of incentives for agricultural production.In the 40 years of reform and opening-up,rural reform and even the overall economic reform have been carried out around giving farmers the right to allocate production factors,enabling rural labor to withdraw from low-productivity production activities and entered into higher productivity production activities.This process is manifested in the decline of agricultural output value and employment share in the process of economic development.The logic behind this process is the redistribution of resources,which leads to the improvement of overall labor productivity and the rapid growth of China's economy,as well as the full sharing of the achievements of reform and development by all residents due to full employment.The process of reform,development and sharing in China,which takes rural reform as its historical starting point and logical mainline,has completely tested many theoretical expectations of development economics,and can be regarded as a classic case of dual economic development.According to the same logic,further reforms oriented to the solution of the problems related to agriculture,countryside and farmers,and then the sustainable economic growth in China,should continue to focus on removing the institutional obstacles hindering the effective allocation of resources.