自然实在论何以可能——论普特南的知觉理论

How is the natural realism possible?

在普特南诸多哲学论题中,"实在论"占据着核心位置。后期普特南意识到,要真正捍卫实在论立场,就必须重新考察知觉并做出新的诠释。以艾耶尔为代表的逻辑经验主义者将知觉与感觉材料相等同,隔开了心灵与世界的直接联系。普特南的分析表明,这种知觉观的理由并不充分,其思维方式有两点错误:一是基础主义,一是"句法描述"。普特南的结论是:知觉不是隔开我们和环境的分界面,不是只发生在我们大脑中的事件,而是我们和环境交互作用的诸多能力中的一种。

“Realism”is the core in Hilary Putnam's many philosophical topics.Putnam realized in his latter part of lite that it was essential to re-examine perception and make a new interpretation to defend the standpoint of realism.Represented by Ayer,the logical empiricists treated perception and sense materials the same,thereby separated the direct mind-world relationship.Putnam's analysis demonstrated that the reason for such view of perception 'was not sufficient.There were two mistakes in its way of thinking,namely,foundationalism and "syntactic description".Putnam concluded that perception was not the interface that separated us from the environment,not an event that occurred only in our brain,but one of our capabilities to interact with the environment.