郭沫若《庄子批判》之批判

Criticism on Guo Moruo’s Criticism of Chuang Tzu

郭沫若一生的庄子情结弥散于其创作作品和学术成果之中。《十批判书》郭颇自重,然唯于其中最短之《庄子批判》一节终觉勉强无甚新意。再版时亲自揭陈其核心观点暨通篇基础之论——庄出颜氏之儒似见于章太炎。对勘可见,通篇荦荦大端处甚至遣词与章几无二致。郭后自注亦再次明确为曾见于。庄出颜氏说得益于杨慎否定庄子为子夏等入世派,而系之颜回之门则肇自黄宗羲。更大传统则是始于韩愈一反太史公剽剥儒墨之说而所主张的庄出儒门。宋明至今,主此说者于每见当世大家。其于思想史则在于儒道之间存在着互补通变之基础和逻辑。通变的可能和互补的基础在于极致处同源又同归。章郭以颜回和庄子为接应深入辨析儒道通变,既是庄出颜氏之深化,亦该假说之价值所在。余英时就《十批》挑起的钱郭之争,引起了包括白寿彝、翟清福、傅杰等,甚至民间持续数十年之聚讼。钱穆后出之庄学著论新说皆一如章郭。钱未出注并非其不诚实。面对现代学术转型期的民国学风,尤其是面对以新我国学、更造文化为己任之求新派在热切地想重整乾坤、再造中华时,后学过多苛察了当时本是求新派彼此呼应的风气,而过少置问题本身于宋元以降之学术史背景。后学当同情地进入彼时之当下,如以当下入彼时,质证前贤,岂非以孟庄时代之儒道质诸春秋之孔老!殊不知庄孟尔汝之别,不能掩盖孔老相得之雅。

Guo Moruo was fond of Chuang Tzu in his whole life.However,he did not satisfy with the chapter Criticism of Chuang Tzu in his book ,Criticism on ten questions.He explained that this chapter was inspired by Zhang Taiyan's thesis.We can learn from the analysis that the thinking way and main idea of Criticism of Chuang Tzu is similar with that of Zhang Taiyan.They both think that the idea of Chuang Tzu as the representative of Taoism comes from the Confucian school.The idea that Chuang Tzu' thought originated from Confucianism starts from Han Yu who lived in Tang dynasty.This idea developed by many famous scholars from Ming and Qing dynasty, which demonstrated that Taoism and Confucianism were identical in basics and logic.Yu Yingshi suggested for many times that Guo Moruo's Criticism on ten questions plagiarized Qian Mu's work,which stirred the academic discussion on this topic for decades.The arguments of works published after Qian Mu But are very similar with that of Zhang Taiyan and Guo Moruo.That Qian Mu did not explained the source of his argument does not mean that he is not honest.Actually,in the changing time of Chinese culture,the later scholars should sympathetically consider more about the condition of previous time and do not question previous scholars with modern standards.