互联互通的身体基础——梅洛-庞蒂通感思想研究

The Body Base of Connectivity——Merleau-Ponty's Thought on Synaesthesia

互联互通的核心是人与世界以及他人的沟通,而这种沟通需要身体作为基础。梅洛-庞蒂的身体现象学强调身体作为知觉主体以前反思的方式与世界和他人直接地、原初地接触,通过活生生的身体来超越传统的主客二元论,同时否定经验主义将原子感觉通过联想的方式获得对世界和他人的整体经验,也反对理性主义将知觉经验归入先验主体的判断。但是,梅洛-庞蒂指出活生生的身体在获得知觉经验的具体操作中,应以通感的方式作为身体知觉的原初作用样态,以一种整体性的、融合性的实践方式与世界、他人互联互通,从而达到重返现实和获得知觉的本质。因此,通感是身体获得原初经验的表现方式。

The core of interconnection is human communication with the world and others,which requires the body as the basis. Merleau-Ponty takes the body as the subject of perception which directly and originally contacts the world by a pre-reflective way,and transcends the traditional dualism of subject and object by living body,which denies empiricism gaining unified experience by association of atomic sensation,and is also against rationalism that the transcendental subject gains the perceptual experience in judgment. In order to return to reality and gain the essence of consciousness,Merleau-Ponty points out that in the specific operation of obtaining a perceptual experience,the living body should use synaesthesia as the primary way of body perception,and connect with the world and others in a holistic and integrated practice. Therefore,synaesthesia is the way in which the body acquires the primary experience.