清代近代化前的江南纺织技艺与文化——基于《清诗铎》的案例研究

Textile Skills and Culture in Regions South of the Yangtze River before Modernization in Qing Dynasty——A Case Study based on Qingshiduo (Collection of Poems in Qing Dynasty)

《清诗铎》卷七收录了清代包括桑蚕、棉业以及相关的技术工艺和社会风俗等诸多纺织诗歌,一定程度上映射了清代近代化前江南地区纺织业的发展状况。文章首次以《清诗铎》卷七所载的纺织诗歌为研究视角,对其纺织技术和文化内容进行整理与分析,认为清代近代化前中国的纺织行业远远落后于工业化的西方,学界所谓的清代是中国纺织技术高峰的观点显然是有误的,甚至连明代都不如。落后的原因早在明代就已注定,明代被迫选择丝织行业作为资本主义萌芽决定中国不可能走向近代,因为丝织在封建社会的中国是不可能成为大众消费品的,这就预示了工业革命中的技术革命和消费能力增长的共生关系不可能形成。因此,中国的资本主义萌芽是不可能正常成长的,也不可能在封闭的体系内爆发工业革命。

Qingshiduo (Collection of Poems in Qing Dynasty) which involves lot of textile information such as mulberry silk,cotton planting and related skills as well as social custom,to some extent reflects the development of textile industry before modernization in Qing Dynasty. Based on the Seventh Volume in Qingshiduo,on the first time this paper studied on its textile skills and related culture,and concluded that before modernization in Qing Dynasty the textile industry in China had much fallen behind the industrialized countries of the West. The viewpoint in academic circles that the Qing Dynasty was the technical peak of textile in ancient China is very wrong,because the technical level was even lower than that in Ming Dynasty. The reason to the backwardness was determined as early as in Ming Dynasty,that is,the choose of mulberry silk as the breach of sprout of capitalism was unsuited to the situation in China,because the consumption of silk was not widespread in feudalism China. Since the relationship between technology revolution and increase of consumption capacity was not formed,the industry revolution as well as the origination of capitalism was impossible to take place in the closed system of feudalist China.