2016年河南省某市宾馆室内空气卫生状况调查

Indoor Air Sanitary Status in Hotels of a City in 2016 in Henan Province

目的掌握2016年河南省某市22家宾馆室内空气卫生状况,分析可能的影响因素,为卫生监督部门决策提供参考。方法参照《公共场所卫生检验方法》(GB/T 18204-2013)进行采样和检测,按照相关标准评判。结果某市宾馆房间室内空气卫生总体合格率为23.13%,CO质量浓度合格率最高(100%),细菌总数合格率最低(61.94%)。三星级及以上酒店房间空气卫生总体合格率(4.26%)低于快捷酒店(30.88%,χ~2=12.315,P<0.05)和三星级以下酒店(42.11%,χ~2=15.078,P<0.05)。细菌总数、真菌总数分别与温度、PM_(2.5)质量浓度及PM_(10)质量浓度呈弱正相关。结论本次抽检宾馆室内空气卫生状况整体较差,三星级及以上宾馆室内空气卫生状况最差,主要原因是细菌总数及CO_2体积分数合格率较低,考虑可能受三星级及以上酒店集中空调通风系统清洗频次较低的影响,且室内空气微生物含量也可能受空气颗粒物含量影响。建议相关部门加强监管力度,有针对性的加强对集中空调通风系统的清洗频次及效果的监督,并建议宾馆增加通风频次,尽可能采用空气净化装置,改善宾馆室内空气卫生状况。

Objectives To explore the sanitary quality of indoor air in 22 hotels of a city in Henan province to analyze the key influential indicators and to provide basis for health supervision department for decision making. Methods The process of sampling and determination was based on the Examination Method for Public Place(GB/T 18204-2013) and the result were evaluated according to the corresponding standards. Results The qualification rate of indoor air in these hotels was 23.13%. The qualification rate of carbon monoxide was the highest(100%), and that of total bacteria counts was the lowest(61.94%). The total qualification rate of three-star hotels and above was 4.26%, which was lower than that of economic hotels(30.88%,χ^2=12.315,P<0.05) and under three-star hotels(42.11%,χ^2=15.078,P<0.05). There were some weak positive correlations between total bacteria counts and fungal counts with temperature, PM2.5 and PM10 levels. Conclusions The overall sanitary status of indoor air in the investigated hotels was relatively poor, and the main influential factors were total bacteria counts and the level of carbon dioxide, which might be influenced by the low frequency of cleaning central air-conditioning system. Besides, the inhalable particles in the indoor air might also affect the level of bacteria counts in indoor air. Supervision on the cleaning condition of central air-conditioning system should be strengthened. Ventilation or making use of air purification devices in hotels to keep the indoor air fresh and clean should be promoted.