法权现象学在早期现象学运动中的开端与发展——从胡塞尔到莱纳赫思想发展脉络

The Beginning and Development of Phenomenology of Right in the Early Phenomenological Movement:The Development Thought from Husserl to Reinach

在早期现象学运动的几位代表性人物中,阿道夫·莱纳赫首先提供了一幅法权现象学的素描。莱纳赫将它称作"先天法学"或"纯粹法学",它们也被称作"法权现象学"。"现象学"在这里是指莱纳赫的描述分析方式:他在《民法的先天基础》中所揭示的"民法的先天基础",以不同于自然法权学说的方式为法权做了哲学的奠基,或者至少展示了这种奠基的可能性。这种可能性不仅在于,在所有的法权系统中重新找到了特定的概念以及概念之间的联系,而且也在于,回溯到对最基本的社会行为的描述、分析以及对于其中的本质和对本质联系做出更直观的把握,因为这些概念和概念之间的联系是奠基于社会行为之中的。只有这时,法权研究才可以说是现象学的或心理学的。

Of several representatives in the early phenomenological movement,Adolf Reinach was the one who first offered a sketch of phenomenology of right.According to him,it was called "apriori jurisprudence"or "pure jurisprudence",or "phenomenology of right".In Reinach,"phenomenology" refers to his descriptive and analytic mode.The "apriorifoundations of civil law"revealed in his name sake work laid a philosophical foundation for right in a mode different from that of the theory of natural right,or at least,they showed the possibility of the founding as such.This is manifested in the fact that Reinach rediscovered in all the systems of right certain concepts and the connections between them,but he also traced back to the descriptions and analysis of the most fundamental social acts and grasped,via eidetic intuition,the essence and eidetic connections therein,since the concepts and connections as such were founded in social acts.Only in this vein can the studies of right be phenomenological or psychological in thetrue sense of the word.