胸壁人工血管透析通路的远期疗效报道

Long-term results of chest wall arteriovenous graft for establishing hemodialysis access

目的探讨胸壁人工血管透析通路(chest wall arteriovenous graft,CWAVG)作为终末期肾病血液透析通路的远期疗效。方法回顾分析2014年1月—2015年6月,因上肢血管通路耗竭而建立CWAVG的12例终末期肾病患者临床资料。其中男3例,女9例;年龄54～82岁,平均63.6岁。慢性肾病病因:慢性肾小球肾炎2例,高血压肾损害4例,糖尿病肾病1例,泌尿系肿瘤、双肾切除术后3例,不详2例。血液透析时间1～144个月,平均38.4个月。行CWAVG前通路失功次数1～14次,平均4.2次,均因透析通路反复闭塞或上肢血管条件极差造成上肢血管通路耗竭。结果 12例患者均获随访,随访时间30～48个月,平均35.4个月。2例患者死亡,其中1例消化道大出血,1例心力衰竭。余10例于术后6周左右开始应用CWAVG进行透析,术后6、12、18、24、30个月的初级通畅率分别为83.3%、75.0%、33.3%、33.3%、16.7%,累计通畅率分别为83.3%、75.0%、50.0%、33.3%、16.7%。8例CWAVG失功患者中,6例血栓形成,1例血清肿,1例椎动脉窃血;其中4例改行长期透析管透析,3例改行其他肢体内瘘,1例未予以血液透析治疗。结论在上肢自体血管资源耗竭的情况下,CWAVG是上肢血液透析通路的重要手术备选方案之一;但其远期通畅率尚待进一步提高。

Objective To explore the role of chest wall arteriovenous graft(CWAVG) for establishing hemodialysis access in patients with end-stage renal disease. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of12 patients with end-stage renal disease who underwent CWAVG for establishing hemodialysis access between January2014 and June 2015. There were 3 males and 9 females with an average age of 63.6 years(range, 54-82 years). The renal disease causes were chronic glomerulonephritis in 2 cases, hypertensive renal damage in 4 cases, diabetic nephropathy in1 case, both kidney resection because of urinary tract tumors in 3 cases, and causes unknown in 2 cases. Hemodialysis time ranged from 1 to 144 months, with an average of 38.4 months. The 12 patients all underwent 1-14 times(mean, 4.2 times)anterior pathway failure in CWAVG, all of which were caused by repeated occlusion of dialysis pathway or poor vascular condition of upper extremity, resulting in the exhaustion of vascular pathway in upper extremity. Results All patients were followed up 30-48 months(mean, 35.4 months). Two patients died, including 1 case of digestive tract hemorrhage,1 case of heart failure. The other 10 CWAVGs were functionally useful for hemodialysis access about 6 weeks after operations. The primary patency rates at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 months were 83.3%, 75.0%, 33.3%, 33.3%, and 16.7%,respectively, and the cumulative patency rates at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 months were 83.3%, 75.0%, 50.0%, 33.3%, and 16.7%,respectively. Among 8 cases of CWAVG dysfunction, 6 cases had thrombosis, 1 case had seroma, and 1 case had vertebral artery stealing. Among them, 4 patients underwent hemodialysis using tunneled-cuffed catheter, 3 patients using fistula or graft on other limbs, and 1 patient was not treated with hemodialysis. Conclusion Although the long-term patency rate of CWAVG is yet to be further increased by improvement of treatment strategies, but it is still a supplementary option for end-stage renal disease patients with inadequate upper extremity venous access sites.