成人房室间隔缺损矫治术术后延迟拔管危险因素分析

Risk factors of prolonged ventilation in adults after atrioventricular septal defect operation

目的探索房室间隔缺损矫正术术后延迟拔管的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2011年1月1日至2017年12月31日于阜外医院第二住院部行房室间隔缺损矫正术76例成年(年龄≥18)患者的临床资料。以呼吸机支持时间是否长于24 h为标准,将患者分为延迟脱机组[27例,男9例、女18例,平均年龄(32.22±9.64)岁]和正常脱机组[49例,男16例、女33例,平均年龄(35.98±11.34)岁]。采用单因素分析法比较两组之间的差异性变异。将单因素分析中P<0.05变量纳入二元logistic模型,用以分析变量的显著性差异。结果单因素分析结果显示:延迟脱机组和正常脱机组患者体质量、术前肺动脉收缩压、体外循环时间、术后血小板、血红蛋白、血肌酐、血糖、血乳酸、术后最大心率及术后肺部感染发生率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。二元logistic回归分析显示,延迟脱机的独立危险因素包括术前肺动脉高压[OR=1.056,95%CI(1.005,1.110),P=0.030]、体外循环时间延长[OR=1.036,95%CI(1.007,1.066),P=0.016]以及术后血红蛋白减少[OR=0.874,95%CI(0.786,0.973),P=0.014]。结论术前肺动脉高压、体外循环时间延长和术后贫血是成人房室间隔缺损修补术术后脱机困难的独立危险因素。

Objective To investigate the risk factors of prolonged postoperative mechanical ventilation for adult patients with atrioventricular septal defect(AVSD). Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 76 patients with AVSD aged more than 18 years in our hospital from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2017. The patients ventilated longer than 24 hours were described as a prolonged ventilation group(n=27) and the others as a normal group(n=49).There were 9 males and 18 females aged 32.22±9.64 years in the prolonged ventilation group, and 16 males and 33 females aged 35.98±11.34 years in the normal group. Perioperative variables between the two groups were compared and selected,and then analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Results The result of univariate analysis showed that there was a statistical difference in weight, preoperative pulmonary artery systolic pressure, duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, the level of postoperative platelet, hemoglobin, blood glucose, lactic acid and serum creatinine, postoperative maximum heart rate and postoperative infection rate between the prolonged ventilated group and the normal group. Multivarable logistic regression showed that preoperative pulmonary artery hypertension(OR=1.056, 95%CI 1.005 to 1.110, P=0.030),prolonged duration of cardiopulmonary bypass(OR=1.036, 95%CI 1.007 to 1.066, P=0.016) and the low postoperative hemoglobin level(OR=0.874, 95%CI 0.786 to 0.973, P=0.014) were the risk factors of prolonged postoperative mechanical ventilation. Conclusion Preoperative pulmonary artery hypertension, long duration of cardiopulmonary bypass and postoperative anaemia are the risk factors associated with prolonged postoperative mechanical ventilation.