少数群体权利的合理性问题——评多元文化主义与自由主义之争

The Legitimacy of Minority Rights: An Analysis on Debate between Multiculturalism and Liberalism

多元文化主义认为,多民族或多族群国家内部少数群体的身份和需要往往受到主流群体的忽略、歧视甚至压迫,并未得到应有的承认和包容,因此应当给予少数群体以特殊权利,但自由主义对此持否定态度。社群多元文化主义拒斥自由主义的个人权利优先原则和普遍主义观念,自由多元文化主义在对个体自决和群体权利的关系等问题的理解上与自由主义存在分歧。各方的不同观点显示出少数群体权利问题的复杂性及其重要的现实意义。

Multiculturalism holds that the identity and needs of minority groups within multi-ethnic countries are often excluded from and ignored as well as discriminated and even oppressed by majority groups, they are not recognized and embraced as it should be, so minority rights should be granted, but liberalism is negative about this. Multiculturalism as communitarianism rejects the priority of individual rights and universalism of liberalism, and liberal multiculturalism differs from liberalism in its understanding of issues such as the relationship between individual self-determination and group rights. The different views of them reveal the complicacy and crucial practical significance of issues on minority rights.