广东省制造业创新的结构特征与格局演变

Structural Characteristics and Pattern Evolution of Manufacturing Innovation in Guangdong of China

以制造业大省广东为研究对象,从创新的研发和转化两个环节构建制造业创新评价指标体系;运用最近3次全国经济普查数据和城市年鉴统计数据,对其创新的结构特征和格局演化进行深入探讨。研究发现:(1)广东省大型制造企业的创新能力高于中小型制造企业,但后者的创新活力较强;(2)外商投资制造企业的创新能力最强,而内资制造企业中股份有限公司和有限责任公司的创新能力较好;(3)通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业、烟草制品业和黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业等行业制造企业的创新能力较强,而纺织服装、家具制造、造纸印刷等劳动密集型行业制造企业的创新能力较弱;(4)制造企业的创新在新产品开发环节强于基础研发环节,呈现显著的"中心-外围"格局,从业人口规模、制造业总产值规模、制造业固定资产投资对广东省制造业创新有较显著的推动作用。

Taking Guangdong province of China as the research object, this paper constructs the evaluation index system of manufacturing industry innovation from the two links of R&D and transformation of innovation, probes into the structural characteristics and pattern evolution of the innovation using the data from the last three national provincial economic censuses and the city yearbook. The findings are as follows:(1) The innovation ability of large manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong is higher than that of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises, but the latter has strong innovation vitality.(2)The innovation ability of foreign-invested manufacturing enterprises is the strongest, while that of domestic manufacturing enterprises is better.(3)The manufacturing industry of communications equipment, computers and other electronic equipment, the tobacco products industry and the ferrous metal smelting and calendering industry have strong innovative capabilities, but the innovation ability of the manufacturing enterprises in the labor-intensive industries such as textile and clothing, furniture manufacturing, papermaking and printing is weak.(4) The innovation of manufacturing enterprises is stronger in the new product development than that in the basic research and development, showing a significant "center-periphery" pattern, the scale of the employed population, the total output value of the manufacturing industry, and the fixed assets investment in manufacturing industry have a significant role in promoting manufacturing innovation in Guangdong.