我国古代君主继承制度形成之研究——以嫡长子继承制的确立为中心

Research on Monarchy Succession System in Ancient China——Centered on the Establishment of Primogeniture

对古代的王权国家而言,储君如何确定以及按照何种制度选定,历来都是国之重事,因为它关系到君主继承是否有先例或者制度可供遵循,从而保证"家天下"的本色永远不变。而我国古代的君主继承从"禅让制""兄终弟及"制到"父死子继"制,再到西周将嫡长子继承制确定为君主继承的首选制度,经过上千年的积淀与制度选择才趋于定型。这一制度如何形成,形成之后面对政治现实有何变通,以及对后世有何影响,都贯穿着我国古代君主继承历史的始终。

As for the ancient monarchical countries,it has been of great importance for a country to establish the crown prince and to follow a certain rule since they are related to whether there are precedents or systems to copy in monarchy succession so as to ensure that the culture of "One family dominates the whole nation"keeps unchanged forever. The monarchy succession system in ancient China changes from the abdication system,the inheritance of his younger brother from his deceased older brother,the inheritance of his son from his deceased father to the establishment of primogeniture as the primary monarchy succession system in the Western Zhou Dynasty,which has finally settled down after the development and perfection of over one thousand years. Its establishment,its flexibility with the political realities,and its influence on later generations,all has run through the entire history of monarchy succession in ancient China.