苗族传统聚落的景观基因识别及其地学视角的解析

A Study of the Gene Identification of Landscape in Traditional Settlements of Miao Nationality and Its Analysis from the Perspective of Geography

基于聚落景观基因理论与方法,提炼出苗族传统聚落景观基因:传统民居以吊脚楼最具代表性,细部装饰集中在入口、退堂、门窗、栏板、吊柱、檐口及屋脊等处;聚落的布局形态有山顶型、山腰型和河岸型等三种类型;主体性公共建筑有寨门、岩菩萨、保寨树、保爷桥、芦笙场、铜鼓坪、鼓房、船廊等;苗族巫教文化特色显著。苗族传统聚落景观与区域自然地理环境与社会文化环境密切相关:传统民居适应了中亚热带季风湿润气候,有极强的适应山地地形的能力;苗族聚族而居,聚落具有向心性;苗族传统聚落的装饰与中国传统文化的道德观、吉祥观都紧密相连;苗族在迁徙过程中融合了其他民族的建筑风格,体现了多元建筑文化景观的特点。

Based on the theory and method of settlement landscape gene,the Miao traditional settlement landscape gene is extracted.The traditional residential is the most representative,the details of decoration concentrated in the entrance,retreat hall,doors and windows,railings,hanging pillars,eaves and roof;the layout of the settlement has three types of main body,such as hilltop type,hillside type and river bank type;The sexual public buildings include village door,Rock bodhisattva,Baozhai tree,Baoye bridge,Lusheng square,Tonggu square,drum room,Porch,etc.The Miao witchcraft culture is distinctive.Miao traditional settlement landscape is closely related to the regional physical and geographic environment and social and cultural environment:traditional residential adapts to the humid climate of the central subtropical monsoon,has a strong ability to adapt to mountainous terrain;Miao settlements live together,the settlement has centripetal;Miao traditional settlement decoration and traditional Chinese culture morality,auspicious Views are closely linked;Miao in the process of migration,the integration of other ethnic architectural styles,reflecting the characteristics of multi-cultural landscape architecture.