掘进机负压降尘装置设计及性能分析

Design and performance analysis of negative pressure dust control device of roadheader

为解决掘进巷道粉尘危害人员健康问题,提出一种内置于掘进机炮头的负压降尘装置的总体设计方案,对其负压部分进行详细设计与计算,得到所需负压为2 786.76 Pa。采用离散元EDEM软件建立吸尘截割头截割模型,对3组不同吸尘孔径方案进行吸尘效果的模拟仿真,统计吸尘孔内统计区煤尘、岩尘累计质量,以及截割产尘总量,经过数值计算得到3个方案除尘率。仿真结果表明:孔径为25 mm的方案3除尘效果最佳,可以达到90%;孔径20 mm的方案2次之,为86%;孔径为15 mm的方案1为80%。因而,设计的掘进机负压降尘装置最佳孔径为25 mm。此负压降尘装置方案可以实现对掘进过程中灰尘的有效吸附,为掘进机吸尘提供新的方法与理论指导。

In order to solve the problem of dust endangering people’s health,this paper puts forward a general scheme of negative pressure dust control device of roadheader built into gun head. The negative pressure part was designed and calculated in detail,and the required negative pressure is 2 786.76 Pa.The discrete element software EDEM was used to establish the cutting model of the dust-collecting cutting head and simulate the dust-collecting effect of three groups of different dust-collecting aperture schemes.The accumulative quality of coal dust and rock dust in the statistical area and the total dust production by cutting were calculated. The dust removal rate of the scheme was obtained by numerical calculation. The simulation results show that: the third scheme with aperture of 25 mm is the best one,which can reach 90%,and the aperture of 20 mm with the second scheme is 86% and the first scheme with aperture of 15 mm is 80%.Therefore,the optimum aperture of the negative pressure dust control device designed is 25 mm.The scheme of vacuum dedusting device can effectively adsorb the dust in the process of tunneling and provide a new method and theoretical guidance for the dust collection of the tunneling machine.