贵州省中学生自杀意念流行现况及影响因素

Prevalence and risk factors for suicide ideation among middle school students in Guizhou Province

目的了解贵州省中学生自杀意念的流行现况及影响因素,为中学生心理行为干预提供依据。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,抽取贵州省14所中学4 903名学生,采用"中国青少年健康相关行为问卷"进行调查,用χ~2检验和多因素Logistic回归统计分析数据。结果贵州省中学生过去12个月里自杀意念报告率为14. 3%,其中男生为13. 2%,女生为15. 4%,女生高于男生(χ~2=5. 20,P<0. 05);初中生为13. 7%,高中生为15. 0%,汉族学生为14. 5%,少数民族学生为14. 1%,学段及民族间差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0. 05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,女生(OR=1. 49),母亲文化程度大专以上(OR=2. 26),过去30 d遭受心理暴力(OR=1. 30),过去12个月里参与打架(OR=1. 33)、经常感到孤独(OR=1. 86)、经常失眠(OR=1. 38)、故意自伤(OR=3. 58)、因伤心绝望停止平常活动(OR=1. 87)、离家出走意念(OR=3. 31)、网络成瘾(OR=1. 37)、经常步行违规(OR=2. 42)与自杀意念呈正相关(P值均<0. 05);经常因学习压力感到心情不愉快(OR=0. 73)与自杀意念呈负性相关(P<0. 05)。结论中学生自杀意念与校园暴力、不良内隐性心理体验及行为方式密切相关。社会各界应广泛重视,有针对性地制定措施进行防护。

Objective To analyze the prevalence and associated factors of suicide ideation among adolescent students in Guizhou Province,and to provide scientific evidence for developing strategy.Methods Multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to recruit 4 903 adolescents from 14 middle schools in Guizhou Province.China Youth Health Risk Behaviors Questionnaire was used and data were analyzed by using univariate analysis and Logistic regression analysis.Results Totally 14.3%(703/4903)middle school students had suicide ideation during the past 12-month period,in which 13.2% were boys and 15.4% were girls,more girls were prone to suicide than boys(x^2 =5.20,P<0.05);13.7% junior students,15.0% senior students, 14.5% Han ethnic students and 14.1%minority students suicide ideation,and the differences between grades and ethnic groups were of no statistical significance (P>0.05).The multi-variates Logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors for suicidal ideation included being girl(OR =1.49),higher maternal education(college and above:OR =2.26),suffering psychological bullying over the past 30 days(OR=1.30),taking part in fighting for the past 12 months (OR=1.33),often feeling lonely(OR=1.86),sleeplessness(OR=1.38),deliberate self-injury(OR=3.58),decreases of daily aetivities due to depression(OR=1.87),ideation of running away(OR =3.31),interuet addiction(OR =1.37),walk violating regulations(OR =2.42),but occasional low mood from aeademic pressure(OR=0.73)was a protective factor for suicidal ideation(P<0.05).Conclusion Suicide ideation of middle school students is closely related to campus violence,adverse inner metal experience and unhealthy behavior pattern.All sectors of society should attach great importance and targeted measures to prevent suicide and protect the students.