广州市2016年城区中学生饮食行为模式及其影响因素分析

Analysis of dietary patterns and influencing factors among urban middle school students in Guangzhou, 2016

目的了解广州市城区中学生饮食行为模式及其影响因素,为中学生营养教育和营养干预提供科学依据。方法依托广州市中小学生常规体检工作,对城区27所学校的初一和高一学生及其家长进行问卷调查,收集饮食行为等资料。采用探索性因子分析方法建立中学生饮食行为模式,采用多因素无序多分类Logistic回归模型分析影响因素。结果因子分析得到3种饮食行为模式:模式Ⅰ(37.09%)属于健康饮食行为模式,模式Ⅱ(33.37%)和模式Ⅲ(29.54%)属于西式饮食行为模式。Logistic回归模型分析结果显示,住校(OR_Ⅱ=1.57,95%CI=1.33～1.85; OR_Ⅲ=1.28,95%CI=1.07～1.52)、视屏时间≥2 h/d(OR_Ⅱ=2.89,95%CI=2.51～3.33; OR_Ⅲ=2.14,95%CI=1.85～2.48)与模式Ⅱ和Ⅲ呈正关联;家庭人均月收入≥5 000元(OR_Ⅲ=1.31,95%CI=1.14～1.51)与模式Ⅲ呈正关联;高中生(OR_Ⅱ=0.83,95%CI=0.73～0.95; OR_Ⅲ=0.74,95%CI=0.64～0.85)、父母为大专及以上文化程度(父OR_Ⅱ=0.64,95%CI=0.52～0.79;母OR_Ⅱ=0.67,95%CI=0.54～0.82;父OR_Ⅲ=0.72,95%CI=0.58～0.90;母OR_Ⅲ=0.73,95%CI=0.59～0.89)与模式Ⅱ和Ⅲ呈负关联。结论广州市城区中学生存在3种饮食行为模式,父母文化程度、视屏时间、年级、住校情况、家庭人均月收入是中学生饮食行为模式的主要影响因素。

Objective To explore the dietary patterns and related factors among urban middle school students in Guangzhou,and to provide the scientific reference for conducting nutritional education and intervention among the middle school students. Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted for students in two grades (grade 1 of 27 junior and senior high schools)and their parents along with the physical examination for urban primary and secondary school students in Guangzhou.Dietary patterns were established by exploratory factor analysis.Muhinomial Logistic regression model was used for analyzing influencing factors of dietary pattern.Results Three major dietary patterns were identified.Type Ⅰ(37.09%)was a healthy dietary pattern;type Ⅱ (33.37%) and Ⅲ(29.54%)were classified into western dietary patterns.Multinomial Logistic regression models showed that living on campus (ORⅡ =1.57,95%CI:1.33-1.85;ORⅢ=1.28,95%CI:1.07-1.52),screen time≥2 h/d (ORⅡ=2.89,95%CI:2.51-3.33;ORⅢ =2.14,95%CI:1.85-2.48)were positively associated with type Ⅱ and Ⅲ.The monthly household income per capita ≥5 000 yuan (ORⅢ =1.31,95%CI:1.14-1.51)was positively associated with type Ⅲ.Senior students (ORn =0.83,95%CI:0.73-0.95;ORⅢ =0.74,95%CI:0.64-0.85),the level of parental education (OR Ⅱ=0.64,95%CI:0.52:-0.79;OR Ⅱ=0.67,95%CI:0.54- 0.82;ORⅢ =0.72,95%CI:0.58-0.90;ORⅢ=0.73,95%CI:0.59-0.89)had a negative association with type II and III.Conclu- sion There are three dietary patterns among urban middle school students in Guangzhou.The main influencing factors include parental education,screen time,grade,resident situation,and monthly household income per capita.