北京市西城区高中生体育课生理负荷现状

Physiological load of physical education class of high schools in Xicheng District of Beijing

目的客观测量不同教材、不同类型体育课高中生的运动负荷,为有针对性地改善体育教学质量提供科学依据。方法抽取北京市西城区的一类、二类和三类高中各2所,每所高中随机抽取高一和高二学生各10名(男女各半),共纳入117名高中生(女生57名,男生60名)。使用Polar Team 2心率表测试武术、投掷、跳高、篮球共4个项目的新授课、综合课和复习课的生理负荷,共采集到639人次有效数据。结果在武术课和跳高课中,新授课中低于60%HRmax强度的运动时间显著高于综合课和复习课,而中高强度运动的时间少于复习课和综合课(P值均<0.05)。学生在体育课用于低于60%HRmax强度的时间为9～34 min,平均值为24.6 min,占体育课总时间的54.7%;用于60%～80%HRmax强度运动的时间为7～26 min,平均值为17.3 min,占体育课总时间的38.4%;进行80%HRmax以上强度运动的时间为0～20 min,平均值为3.5 min,占体育课总时间的6.9%。结论体育课中的运动负荷无法达到提高学生体质健康的目的。应加强对体育教师的继续教育,将最新的运动科学理念方法运用于体育教学中,使学生在体育课中的收益最大化。

Objective To evaluate physical load of different sports and in various forms of physical education class.Methods 117 healthy adolescents (57 girls and 60 boys)were recruited from 6 high schools in Xicheng District of Beijing (2 high schools of type 1,2 of type 2,and 2 of type 3),and each 10 students were randomly selected from grade 1 and 2 in the high school.Polar Team 2 was used to measure physiological load in martial arts,throwing,jumping and basketball,and 639 person-time eligible data were collected.Result In martial arts and high jump class,duration of heart rate response (HRmax)below 60% in the new classes were significantly longer,while duration of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)was shorter than comprehensive courses anti review courses(P<0.05).Students spent about an average of 24.6 (9-34)minutes in activities of HRmax below 60%in P.E.class,accounting for 54.7% of P.E.class time,an average of 17.3 (7-26)minutes in activities of HRmax between 60%-80%,accounting for 38.4%of P.E.class time,and an average of 3.5 (0-20)minutes in activities of HRmax higher than 80%,accounting for 6.9%of P.E.class time.Conclusion This physical load cannot achieve the goal of improving adolescents'physical fitness.Government should strengthen the continuing education of PE teachers and update their knowledge constantly,in order to maximize the physical education benefit for adolescents.