民法典编纂中典权的困境与激活

The Pawning Right's Dilemma and the Exploration for its Activation in the Compilation of the Civil Code

立足我国的传统与现实,从典权的内在逻辑和外部环境入手,总结典权的困境。参考我国台湾地区民法典权修正和韩国传贳权现代继受的相关经验,充分考虑财产关系稳定和交易安全,建议明确典权与所有权的界限,活化典权用益与担保的双重机能;平衡出典人和典权人之间的利益关系,以公平原则改良过度保护出典人的回赎规则和典物灭失的风险负担规则;对于货币价值变化等客观原因导致的典物价值变动,回赎时赋予当事人价额增减请求权,力求解除原典权制度给现代民法风险责任理论和所有权理论带来的危机,激活典权。

On the basis of the tradition and reality of China,this article points out the dilemma of the pawning right by analyzing the internal logic and the external environment. Furthermore,by referring to the amendment of Chinese Taiwan’s Civil Code and the Chonse-Right in South Korea,this article gives some suggestions on the activation of pawning right focus on the stability and safety of property relationships. For one thing,a boundary between the pawning right and ownership should be set,and vivified the dual functions of pawning right: usufruct and security. For another,the interests between the pawner and the pawnee should be balanced,and the redemption rules which excessively protect the pawner and the rules of risk-bearing when the pawn loses should be modified by the principle of fairness. Moreover,in the condition of the value of the pawn changed by the change of monetary value and other objective factors,right of request increase or decrease the price when redemption is needed. In brief,all of the above are aimed at relieving the crisis caused by the system of the original pawning right to the risk theory and ownership theory of modern civil law.