病毒胞间传播机制的研究进展

Advances in the mechanistic study on virus cell-to-cell transmission

近年来,多项研究证明,一些包膜病毒除通过游离病毒结合并侵入新的细胞(胞外传播)外,还可以通过细胞之间的紧密接触等途径,直接从感染细胞内侵入相邻非感染细胞(胞间传播)。胞间传播的主要特征是传播效率高、有助于病毒逃避宿主免疫监控等。因此,普遍认为病毒胞间传播是其在体内逃避宿主免疫防御机制并建立慢性感染的重要机制之一。目前对于病毒胞间传播的分子机制及其在体内的重要作用尚不完全清楚,本文就病毒胞间传播不同机制的相关研究进展进行了简要综述。

A number of recent studies based on virus cell culture models have demonstrated that the enveloped viruses not only produce infectious progeny viruses to subsequently infect uninfected cells viareceptor-mediated endocytosis(cell-free transmission),but also spread directly to neighboring cells through close cell-to-cell contact(cell-to-cell transmission).Virus cell-to-cell transmission is characterized by its high efficiency of transmission and evasion of the host immune surveillance.In general,it is thought that virus cell-to-cell transmission is one of the major mechanisms responsible for immune escape,resulting in chronic virus infection in humans.However,the underlying molecular mechanism of virus cell-to-cell transmission and its importance in vivo remain unknown.In this review,we summarize recent advances in the mechanistic study on virus cellto-cell transmission.