服务贸易开放能否带来制造业服务化水平的提升?

Does service trade opening promote the servitization of manufacturing industry?

制造业服务化是现阶段中国实体经济实现转型升级、提升核心竞争力的重要途径。将服务贸易开放与制造业服务化水平纳入同一分析框架,在梳理了服务贸易开放促进制造业投入服务化的作用机制以及服务FDI对制造业服务化提升效应的基础上,以2005-2016年中国29个制造行业的面板数据进行实证检验。研究结果表明:(1)在整体上,服务贸易开放显著提升了制造业服务化水平,这一结论在使用分位数方法检验、控制了内生性问题以及替换服务开放的衡量指标之后依然稳健。(2)不同服务部门开放程度与制造业服务化水平的关系存在一定差异,金融、分销和运输服务开放对制造业服务化具有积极作用,而通讯服务开放并没有显著影响,专业服务开放效应只有通过服务FDI向制造业渗透这一途径才能得到有效发挥。(3)在对制造行业按照要素密集类型进行分组回归发现,服务贸易开放能够显著提升资本密集型和技术密集型制造行业的服务化水平,但是对劳动密集型制造行业并没有产生明显影响。研究认为,在制造业亟待转型升级的现实情况下,应该适度、合理地推动服务开放进程,进而提升制造业服务化水平和实现经济转型升级的目标。

The servitization of manufacturing industry is an important way for China ’s real economy to achieve transformation and upgrading,and enhance core competitiveness. This paper integrates service trade opening and the level of servitization of manufacturing industry into the same analytical framework. On the basis of clarifying the mechanism of the positive effects of service trade opening and service FDI on servitization of manufacturing industry,the empirical test was conducted on panel data of 29 manufacturing industries in China from 2005 to 2016. The results show that:( 1) On the whole,service trade opening has significantly improved the level of servitization of manufacturing industry. This conclusion is still robust after using the quantile regression method,controlling endogenous problems and replacing the index of service openness.( 2) There is a certain difference in the relationship between the openness of different service sectors and the level of servitization of manufacturing industry. The opening of finance,distribution and transportation services has a positive effect on the servitization of manufacturing industry,while the opening of communication services has not had a significant impact.Only through the penetration of the service FDI to the manufacturing industry,the effect of professional service opening can be effectively exerted.( 3) The results of group regression in the manufacturing industry according to factor-intensive types show that the services trade opening can significantly improve the servitization level of capital-intensive and technology-intensive manufacturing industries,but it does not have a significant impact on the labor-intensive manufacturing industries. This paper believes,in the situation that the manufacturing industry urgently needs to be transformed and upgraded,the service opening process should be promoted appropriately and reasonably,thereby improving the level of servitization of manufacturing industry as well as achieving the goal of economic transformation and upgrading.