环境规制扭曲、生产效率损失与规制对象的选择性保护

Environmental regulation distortion,production efficiency loss and regulation objects selective protection

随着环境保护逐步成为地方社会经济发展的硬性约束指标,环境规制愈发成为一种影响资源配置的重要政策工具,规制强度在不同地区、产业或企业间的异质性必然会对不同经济主体的行为和绩效产生强烈影响。迄今为止,较少有文献从要素价格相对扭曲视角对环境规制强度的异质性及其影响问题进行考察。以2001年至2015年中国排污费征缴为研究对象,将环境规制内生于企业生产过程,从要素比价效应角度通过"企业-产业-地区"三重维度的逐一加总考察了中国30个省份环境规制扭曲程度及其造成的生产效率损失。在此基础上,继续探究了规制对象选择性保护与规制扭曲之间的关系。研究发现,中国长期存在环境规制不足扭曲,这种扭曲在一些中西部省份的表现尤为明显。规制扭曲与其引致的生产效率损失之间存在"剪刀差",随着扭曲程度的不断加深,其所造成的生产效率损失逐步下降。由行业选择性保护造成的政府严格管制行业环境规制力度不足是造成规制扭曲的直接原因,而所有制因素在其中的作用并不显著。

With the environmental protection gradually becoming a rigid constraint of local social and economic development,environmental regulation has increasingly evolved into an important resource allocation policy tool. It makes a strong impact on the behavior and performance of different economic entities with the strength heterogeneity among the different regions,industries and enterprises. However,few literatures have studied the environmental regulation heterogeneity and its impact from the perspective of factor price relative distortion. By making environmental regulation variable endogenous into the enterprise production process and one by one adding the regulation distortion from the enterprise-industry-area three dimensions,the article takes the collection of China’s sewage charges from 2001 to 2015 as a research object to observing the degree of regulation distortion and the loss of production efficiency in 30 provinces of China from the angle of production factor price comparison effect. On this basis,the article continues to examine the relationship between selective protection and regulation distortion. We find that there is a relatively long-term regulation insufficient distorted in China, which is particularly evident in some central and western provinces. Meanwhile,there is a scissors gap between the regulation distortion and the production efficiency loss. With the deepening of distortion,the production efficiency loss has been declining gradually. Finally,the industry selective protection leads to the lack of environmental regulation in the strict government control industry,which is the direct cause to regulation distortion,and the role of ownership is not significant.