人类体外胚胎的属性及法律规制

The Legal Attributes and Legal Regulations of Human Embryos in Vitro

人类体外胚胎是指人工授精后在母体之外的人类早期胚胎。人类体外胚胎不具备民事主体法律地位,不是法律上的人,不享有生命权,但体外胚胎具有发展为生命的潜能,是含有未来生命特征的特殊之物,应给予其最高物格的特别尊重和保护。人类体外胚胎应当归精子和卵子的提供者共同所有,通常为夫妻双方共同所有。当其中一人死亡的时候,冷冻胚胎应归在世的一方所有。原则上人类体外胚胎允许权利人按照其意愿进行支配,但不允许胚胎进入流通市场。

Human embryo in vitro refers to the cryopreservation early embryos outside mother bodies after artificial insemination. Human embryos in vitro do not possess the legal status of civil subject, which does not belong to any legal person and is not entitled to the right to life, but they have the potential to develop into life, being the special things with life characteristics in future, thus should be given special respect and protection as the highest level of legal objectivity. Human in vitro embryos should be owned jointly by both sperm and ovum providers, usually by the husband and wife. When one of them dies, the frozen embryo belongs to the living party. In principle, human in vitro embryos are allowed to be disposed at will, but not allowed to enter the circulation market.