水稻纹枯病生物防控研究进展

Progress on Biological Control of Rice Sheath Blight

由立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)侵染引起的纹枯病是水稻三大病害之一,也是一种危害遍布全球的水稻病害。鉴于水稻抗纹枯病育种至今尚未发现免疫或高抗品种,目前水稻纹枯病的防治主要依赖化学药物,从环境与人体安全的角度考虑,纹枯病的生物防控将是今后的发展方向。为此,本综述概述了目前对水稻纹枯病具有生物防控作用的真菌类拮抗微生物,如青霉和木霉,以及细菌类拮抗微生物,芽孢杆菌,假单胞菌和放线菌等;此外,本综述进一步探讨了如何提高水稻纹枯病生物防治效果以及新型生物防治的手段,如利用通过稻鸭共养模式和基因工程改造来进行生物防治。

Sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani infection is one of the three major diseases of rice, and it is also a rice disease that is harmful all over the world. In view of the fact that no immune or high resistant varieties have been found in rice breeding for resistance to sheath blight, the prevention and control of rice sheath blight mainly depends on chemicals at present. From the point of view of environment and human safety, biological control of sheath blight will be the development direction in the future. Therefore, this study summarized the fungi antagonistic microbes, Penicillium and Trichoderma, bacteria antagonistic microbes, Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas pseudomonas and Actinomycetes, which have biological control effect on rice sheath blight so far. Besides, this review further discussed how to improve the biological control effect of rice sheath blight, as well as the new biological control methods, such as biological control by using rice-duck co-culture model and genetic engineering modification.