主动脉夹层患者术前护理研究现状

Current situation in preoperative nursing of the patients with aortic dissection

主动脉夹层是由于外界或自身的多种因素导致主动脉内膜急性损伤,急速血流由破口进入主动脉弹力中层,并沿主动脉纵向扩展,形成真、假两腔。主动脉夹层是一种少见的、高危的心血管疾病,其发病率虽低,但危害极大。病变可累及全身各系统,不经治疗,自然预后差。外科手术是最有效的治疗方法,尤其对A型及高风险B型夹层。随着主动脉夹层发病率的增高,诊疗及护理技术近年发展较快,但因该病病情复杂、变化迅速、并发症多,病死率仍较高。本文就主动脉夹层术前护理领域的现状进行综述,以提高临床护士对该病的认识,为主动脉夹层围手术期护理干预研究提供参考依据。

Aortic dissection is an acute injury of the aortic intima due to various factors from the outside or itself. The rapid blood flow enters the middle layer of the aortic elastic force from the breach and expands longitudinally along the aorta to form a true and a false two lumens. Aortic dissection is a rare,high-risk cardiovascular disease with a low incidence,but it is extremely harmful. Lesions can affect the systemic system,without treatment,the natural prognosis is poor. Surgery is the most effective treatment,especially for Stanford A and high-risk Stanford B dissection. With the increase of the incidence of aortic dissection,the diagnosis and treatment and nursing technology have developed rapidly in recent years,but the mortality rate is still high due to the complex,rapid changes and complications. This article reviews the current status of preoperative aortic dissection in order to improve the understanding of clinical nurses and provide a reference for the perioperative nursing intervention study of aortic dissection.