2016-2017年湖南永州市中心医院细菌耐药性监测

Surveillance of bacterial resistance in Yongzhou Central Hospital of Hunan in 2016 and 2017

目的了解2016-2017年湖南永州市中心医院临床分离菌对常用抗菌药物的敏感性和耐药性。方法采用纸片扩散法或自动化仪器法按统一方案进行抗菌药物敏感性试验。按CLSI 2016年标准判断结果。结果收集2016年1月-2017年12月临床分离菌共6354株,其中革兰阴性菌4876株,占76.7%,革兰阳性菌1478株,占23.3%。排在前5位的分离菌株依次为大肠埃希菌(33.0%)、克雷伯菌属(17.0%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(9.6%)、不动杆菌属(8.6%)、铜绿假单胞菌(7.4%)。甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的检出率为33.8%,甲氧西林耐药凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MRCNS)的检出率为76.2%。甲氧西林耐药株(MRSA和MRCNS)对绝大多数测试药物的耐药率均显著高于甲氧西林敏感株(MSSA和MSCNS)。未检出耐万古霉素和利奈唑胺的葡萄球菌。肠球菌属中粪肠球菌对多数抗菌药物的耐药率显著低于屎肠球菌,未检出耐万古霉素和利奈唑胺肠球菌。非脑膜炎肺炎链球菌儿童分离株对青霉素的耐药率(20.8%)略高于成人分离株(13.3%)。大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌超广谱β内酰胺酶(ESBL)检出率为48.0%、35.7%,大多数肠杆菌科细菌对碳青霉烯类抗生素仍高度敏感,耐药率低于4%。碳青霉烯类耐药肺炎克雷伯菌(CRKP)检出率为18.8%,碳青霉烯类耐药阴沟肠杆菌(CRECL)检出率为14.5%,均有上升趋势。鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率分别为76.4%和78.6%。结论细菌耐药仍然严峻,要加强细菌耐药监测工作、院感控制和临床抗菌药物的合理应用。

Objective To investigate the susceptibility and resistance profile of clinical isolates in Hunan Yongzhou Hospital during 2016 and 2017. Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out according to a unified protocol using KirbyBauer method or automated systems. Results were analyzed according to CLSI 2016 breakpoints. Results A total of 6 354 clinical isolates were collected from January 2016 to December 2017, of which 4 876(76.7%) were gram-negative bacteria, and 1 478(23.3%) were gram-positive bacteria. The top five bacterial species were Escherichia coli(33.0%), Klebsiella(17.0%), Staphylococcus aureus(9.6%), Acinetobacter(8.6%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(7.4%). The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) was 33.8%, and prevalence of methicillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus(MRCNS) was 76.2%. The resistance rates of methicillin resistant strains(MRSA and MRCNS) to most of the tested drugs were significantly higher than those of methicillin sensitive strains(MSSA and MSCNS). No vancomycin or linezolid resistant staphylococci were identified. The resistance rate of Enterococcus faecium to most antimicrobial agents was significantly lower than that of Enterococcus faecium. No enterococcal isolate was resistant to vancomycin or linezolid. The non-meningitis S. pneumoniae strains isolated from children showed slightly higher resistance rate to penicillin(20.8%) than the strains isolated from adults(13.3%). The prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases(ESBLs) in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae was 48.0% and 35.7%, respectively. Most Enterobacteriaceae strains were highly sensitive to carbapenem antibiotics, showing lower resistancerate(<4%). The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae was 18.8%, and the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant E. cloacae was 14.5%. The prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii strain resistant to imipenem and meropenem was 76.4% and 78.6%, respectively. Conclusions Bacterial resistance is still serious. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of bacterial resistance, infection control, and rational use of antibiotics.