黄宗羲法的思想对当代法制建设的启示

Enlightenment of Huang Zongxi's Thought of Rule of Law on Construction of Contemporary Legal System

黄宗羲作为生活于明清之际天崩地解时代的思想家,其政治思想始终与自身的政治实践和时代背景相关联,尤其对于"法"的思想探讨更是体现出近代民主法治的意味。黄宗羲认为有别于私天下的三代以下之法,三代之法是符合公天下的立法本意的,这样的法具有宽松而不繁密的特点,能够最大程度上实现社会的安定和谐。黄宗羲又提出"有治法而后有治人"论断,认为法治先于人治能够最大程度上保证社会的公平正义,能够弥补德治和人治的不足,同时不放松对于执政者和执法者的德才要求。黄宗羲对于法治优先性的强调以及对于德治优点的兼顾对当今的民主政治建设具有重要的借鉴意义。

Huang Zongxi as a thinker living in the era of the fall of the Ming and Qing Dynasties,his political thoughts are always related to his own political practice and the background of the times. Especially the discussion of the idea of"Law"reflects the meaning of modern democracy and the rule of law. Huang Zongxi thinks that three generations below is different from the private world and the three generations of law are in line with the legislative intent of the public world. Such laws are loose and not complicate,and can achieve the stability and harmony of society to the greatest extent. Huang Zongxi also puts forward the argument of "governing the law first and then treating the people". He believes that the rule of law preceding the rule of man can guarantee the fairness and justice of society to the greatest extent and can make up for the lack of rule of virtue and rule of man,at the same time,which does not loosen the moral and talent requirements for the ruling and law enforcement officials. Huang Zongxi’s emphasis on the priority of the rule of law and the consideration of the merits of the rule of virtue have important implications for today’s democratic political construction.