珠海市公共场所集中空调通风系统可吸入颗粒物污染现况调查

Current status of inhalable particle matter pollution in central air conditioning ventilation system of public places in Zhuhai City

目的了解珠海市公共场所集中空调通风系统可吸入颗粒物污染现状,为规范公共场所集中空调通风系统的卫生管理提供依据。方法随机抽取珠海市56家使用集中空调通风系统的公共场所进行调查,检测空调系统送风中PM10浓度和风管表面积尘量。结果 56家公共场所中,未进行定期清洗的占41. 1%,机房有杂物的占42. 9%,新风口周围有污染源的占21. 4%,只装有初效空调过滤器的占75. 0%;公共场所集中空调通风系统PM10检测总合格率为67. 9%,不同类型公共场所空调系统PM10浓度差异有统计学意义(H=152. 477,P<0. 001),经过清洗和未经过清洗的空调系统PM10合格率分别为78. 8%和52. 2%,两者比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=4. 401,P=0. 036),装有初效和中效空调过滤器空调系统的PM10合格率比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=6. 986,P <0. 01),风管表面积尘量与送风中PM10浓度之间呈正相关关系(r=0. 696,P<0. 001)。结论建议相关职能部门加强对公共场所集中空调通风系统的卫生管理和监测,对不合格的公共场所应该责令其进行清洗消毒,提高室内空气质量。

Objective To investigate the current status of inhalable particle matter(PM10) pollution in central air conditioning ventilation system of public places in Zhuhai City,and to provide a basis for standardizing the hygienic management of central air conditioning ventilation system in public places. Methods Fifty-six public places with central air conditioning ventilation system in Zhuhai City were randomly selected for this survey. PM10 concentration in the air in air conditioning systems and the amount of dust on the duct surface were detected. Results Of the 56 public places,41. 1% were not regularly cleaned,42. 9% had sundries in air conditioning rooms,21.4% had pollution sources around the fresh air outlet,and 75.0% were only equipped with primary effect air conditioning filters. The total qualified rate of PM10 concentration in the air in air conditioning systems was67. 9%,and PM10 concentration in the air in air conditioning systems in different types of public places showed statistically significant(H = 152.477,P< 0.001). The qualified rates of PM10 concentration in the air in clean and unclean air conditioning systems were 78. 8% and 52.2% respectively,showing a statistically significant difference(χ^2= 4.401,P = 0.036). The qualified rates of PM10 concentration in the air in air conditioning systems with primary or medium effect air conditioning filters showed a statistically significant difference(χ2= 6.986,P< 0.01). There was a positive correlation between the amount of dust on the duct surface and PM10 concentration in the air in air conditioning systems(r = 0.696,P < 0.001). Conclusions The relevant functional departments should strengthen hygienic management and inspection of air conditioning systems in public places,and the unqualified public places should be ordered to clean and disinfect their air conditioning systems so as to improve indoor air quality.