西方近百年课程设计理论演变述评

A Review on Curriculum Design Theories in the West in Recent 100 Years

西方的课程研究已有近百年的历史,我国在20世纪80年代以后对西方的课程设计理论进行广泛的介绍和实践。在研究者不断反思和创新过程中,课程设计理念经历从教师为中心到以学习者为中心的变化;学习理论经历从行为主义到建构主义的变化;对课程知识的理解经历从实用主义到后现代主义的演变;课程设计模式经历从理性主义模式到人文主义模式,从"目标模式"到后现代课程设计模式的变化。自90年代以来,中外研究者逐渐不再局限于依据某种单一的课程设计理论来进行课程设计,而是根据培养目标、学习者的认知特点等对多种课程设计理论和方法进行整合,以实现课程设计目标。

The curriculum research has lasted more than 100 years in the western countries.The theories of the curriculum design have been introduced to China since the 80 s in the 20 th centuries.During researchers’ constant reflection and innovation,the idea of the curriculum design has changed from teacher-centeredness to learner-centeredness;the learning theories have developed from the behaviorism to the constructivism;the understanding of curriculum knowledge has changed from the pragmatism model to the postmodernism model;curriculum designing model has developed from rationalism model and objective model to humanism model and postmodern curriculum design model.Since the 90 s,Chinese and foreign researchers are no longer limited to a single theory for curriculum design,but integrate different kinds of theories and models such as the training objectives,the learner’s cognitive characteristics to achieve the goal.