四姑娘山国家级自然保护区鸟兽多样性初步调查

Preliminary survey on mammal and bird diversity at Siguniang Mountains National Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China

物种的分布与多度对我们理解生态过程、实施保护管理以及评估全球变化的影响都非常重要。2017年5–12月,我们按照公里网格在四川省四姑娘山国家级自然保护区共布设60台固定位点红外相机,调查了保护区内主要沟系的兽类和鸟类多样性。本次调查累计11,013个相机工作日,共拍摄到31种兽类和鸟类,隶属7目18科,包括5种国家一级和10种国家二级重点保护野生动物,被IUCN红色名录评估为濒危(EN)、易危(VU)和近危(NT)的野生动物分别有2种、5种和3种。其中,相对多度指数居于兽类前五位的是毛冠鹿(Elaphoduscephalophus)、水鹿(Rusa unicolor)、喜马拉雅旱獭(Marmota himalayana)、野猪(Sus scrofa)、猪獾(Arctonyx collaris);相对多度指数居于鸟类前五位的则是血雉(Ithaginiscruentus)、白马鸡(Crossoptiloncrossoptilon)、大噪鹛(Garrulaxmaximus)、雉鹑(Tetraophasis obscurus)和灰头鸫(Turdus rubrocanus)。由于局域性气候、植被类型和地形结构的不同,使四姑娘山国家级自然保护区与毗邻的卧龙国家级自然保护区存在动物群落结构的差异。本调查初步掌握了四姑娘山保护区内大中型兽类和林下活动鸟类的种类组成和相对多度。

Knowledge of the abundance and distribution of biodiversity is vitally important to understand ecological processes,manage for conservation goals,and assess the impacts of global change. In order to investigate the diversity,abundance,and distribution of mammals and birds in Siguniang Mountains National Nature Reserve,we deployed 60 camera traps from May to December 2017. With an extensive survey effort of 11,013 camera-days,we recorded 31 mammal and bird species belonging to 7 orders and 18 families. Among the recorded species,five are first class and ten are second class national protected wildlife,whereas two are listed as Endangered,five as Vulnerable,and three as Near Threatened by the IUCN Red List. In addition to providing a preliminary inventory of large mammals and birds in the reserve,we also assessed the abundance of each species using the relative abundance index. According to this index,the five most abundant mammal species were tufted deer (Elaphodus cephalophus),sambar (Rusa unicolor),Himalayan marmot (Marmota himalayana),wild boar (Sus scrofa) and northern hog badger (Arctonyx collaris). The five most abundant avian species were blood pheasant (Ithaginis cruentus),white eared pheasant (Crossoptilon crossoptilon),giant laughing thrush (Garrulax maximus),chestnut-throated partridge (Tetraophasis obscurus) and chestnut thrush (Turdus rubrocanus). Comparison between Siguniang Mountains and the adjacent Wolong Nature Reserve revealed different community compositions,this was likely due to distinct differences in local climate,vegetation,and topography between the two regions. The data obtained in this study will provide an important basis for future wildlife research and conservation management,and also provides support for biodiversity monitoring and regional inventories of mammals and birds.