殷墟透闪石和蛇纹石玉器自然白化现象研究——兼谈重识"钙化"现象

Study on the Phenomenon of Natural Albinism of Jades with Tremolite and Serpentine in Yin Ruins——Concurrent Discussion and Reunderstanding the Calcified Phenomenon

殷墟透闪石和蛇纹石玉器呈现颇为丰富的白化现象,其机制包括玉质疏松成因和钙化成因。本文在此基础上探讨了抛光工序、材质以及酸碱度对白化程度的影响,结果显示:抛光层比未抛光部分抗风化,透闪石玉的抗风化能力强于蛇纹石玉,中碱性埋藏环境可以使两类白化玉器的结构变得异常疏松,因此在材质鉴别和预防性保护方面应特别关注。此外,中碱性环境中钙盐沉积渗透至玉器表面会形成点状分布的钙化现象。有别于上世纪60年代以来中西方学界长期否定钙化现象的存在,这一出土实证的首次发现和重新研究对钙化现象提出了全新的看法。该项研究丰富了对玉器白化现象的认知,有助于对玉器材质的原初状态进行准确判断。

Whitening of jade caused by loose structure and calcification happens frequently on the tremolite and serpentine jade from the Yin Ruins.It could be proved that such phenomenon is related to polishing procedure,material choosing and the change of pH value.The study shows that the jade with polished surface performs well on the resistance of weathering;moreover tremolite performed better than serpentine.Besides,two kinds of very loose structure jade are always excavated from neutral and alkaline environment.Thus more attention should be paid to material identification and preventive protection of jade.In addition,calcium salt in the neutral and alkaline environment deposiung and penetrating into the jade will form the calcification with a dotted distribution,the first discovery and rerecognition of the archaeological evidence,has changed the cognition that deny truth of the calcification existence in theoretical circle of both China and abroad since 1960s.Such study helps acquire a better understanding of the whitening phenomenon and the original condition of jade.