二酰甘油从头合成途径的关键酶及其功能

Key enzymes for de novo synthesis of diacylglycerol in plant cells

二酰甘油(diacylglycerol, DAG)是脂代谢,包括储存三酰甘油和膜脂代谢中的一个重要中间体。多条途径可以合成DAG,如磷脂酶C水解膜脂产生DAG等,但是本文主要概述从头合成的Kennedy途径。这条途径中,主要由甘油-3-磷酸酰基转移酶、溶血磷脂酸酰基转移酶、磷脂酸磷酸酶等催化完成。我们将综述这三类酶的基因及其功能,着重介绍它们在油脂合成、抗逆和发育信号方面的研究进展。

Diacylglycerol(DAG) is an intermediate in metabolism of both triacylglycerols and membrane lipids. Multiple pathways for DAG synthesis and/or metabolism have been identified in plant cells, e.g. phospholipase C-mediated DAG generation. We here review the Kennedy pathway of de novo DAG synthesis, in which glycerol-3-phosphateacyl transferase(GPAT), lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase(LPAT) and phosphatidic acid phosphatase(PAP) are highlighted. The gene families of these enzymes and their functions are reviewed, especially in oil synthesis, stress response, and development.