论歌德《托夸多·塔索》中的表征空间

An analysis of representational space in Torquato Tasso

"天才与生活的失衡"——这是歌德本人对其戏剧作品《托夸多·塔索》的阐释。倘若借助现代空间理论来解读歌德的这部古典戏剧作品,可以发现歌德构建其中的文学空间:代表现实社会、国家和权力的宫廷;代表人类最高精神境界的艺术——诗的空间;代表个体的心灵空间。作品中,作为个体的诗人塔索在他的内心世界与外部的现实世界发生冲突时未能达到一种平衡的状态,歌德在该剧中着重描写了诗人的内心生活及其与周围环境的格格不入所导致的个人毁灭——这也是心灵空间与现实空间的"失衡"。抑或:尽管这部戏剧是具有完美形式的古典主义戏剧,但却体现了德国古典思想——理想的"完人"和艺术理念——的失败。

"The imbalance between genius and life"-Goethe himself expounds his play Torquato Tasso as such. If, by virtue of modern spatial theories, this Goethe’s classical drama is deciphered, the literary space constructed by him would be unveiled: the court representing social reality, the state and puissance;the art-the space for poems-symbolizing the highest realm of the human spirit;the mental space embodying the individuality. In the play, the poet Tasso, as an individual, fails to strike the balance when his inward world conflicts with the real one and Goethe depicts heavily the poet’s inner life as well as the destruction of the individual engendered by the incongruity between his inner life and his surroundings-the imbalance between the mental space and the actual one. Or, despite its immaculate form behind this classical drama, it epitomizes that the classical German ideology-the ideal "complete human being" and the artistic idea-collapses.