中国减排定价机制的实践探究——纪念价格改革四十周年

Practical Exploration of China's Emission Reduction Pricing Mechanism——Commemorating the 40th anniversary of price reform

中国减排定价机制启蒙于1973年的计划经济时代,历经9年的调研论证于1982年7月1日依法运行。40多年来,减排定价机制已从单一的排污费机制,发展到碳交易市场机制、排污权交易市场机制和环境保护税机制替代排污费机制。展望未来的改革取向:一是碳税是否纳入、如何纳入减排定价机制,碳税与环境保护税是从属关系还是并行关系;二是全国统一碳市场扩容及其与国际国内碳市场的多重对接、互认;三是碳现货、碳远期的市场规范与碳期货、碳期权等碳价发现机制探索;四是排污权市场机制的立法、试点扩容、全国统一排污权市场建设及其国际国内互联互通和排污权远期、排污权期货、排污权期权市场改革创新;五是政府定价与市场定价机制的协同推进,排污权与碳排放权市场定价机制的协同推进。

China’s emission reduction pricing mechanism was enlightened in the planned economy era in 1973, and operated according to law on July 1, 1982 after nine years of investigation and demonstration. Over the past 40 years, emission reduction pricing mechanism has developed from a single emission fee mechanism to carbon trading market mechanism,emission trading market mechanism and environmental protection tax mechanism to replace the emission fee mechanism. Looking forward to the future reform orientation: first,whether and how to incorporate carbon tax into emission reduction pricing mechanism,whether carbon tax and environmental protection tax are subordinate or parallel;second,the expansion of the national unified carbon market and its multiple docking and mutual recognition with the international and domestic carbon market;third, the exploration of carbon spot and carbon forward market norms and carbon futures, carbon options and other carbon price discovery mechanisms;fourth, the exploration of pollution discharge;Legislation of the right market mechanism, pilot expansion, construction of the national unified emission right market, international and domestic interconnection and long-term emission right, emission right futures, emission right option market reform and innovation;fifth,coordinated promotion of government pricing and market pricing mechanism, and coordinated promotion of emission right and carbon emission right market pricing mechanism.