汽车制造厂工人下背痛影响因素调查

Investigation on the influencing factors of low back pain in automobile factory workers

目的探讨汽车制造厂工人下背痛患病情况和影响因素。方法采用判断抽样方法,选择某汽车制造厂工龄≥1年的394名工人为调查对象,采用《北欧国家肌肉骨骼疾患标准调查表》对工人下背痛患病情况进行问卷调查。结果调查对象下背痛年患病率为28. 9%(114/394)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,按相对危险度从大到小排列,工作姿势不舒适[比值比(OR)=7. 31,95%置信区间(95%CI)=2. 92～18. 28]、下班后感到疲惫(OR=5. 34,95%CI=1. 22～23. 32)、上班途中时间> 30 min(OR=2. 76,95%CI=1. 38～5. 52)、操作空间不足(OR=2. 22,95%CI=1. 28～3. 83)、经常用手或手臂取物(OR=2. 08,95%CI=1. 14～3. 78)和年龄(OR=2. 00,95%CI=1. 19～3. 35)均是调查对象下背痛发生的危险因素(P <0. 05)。结论工作中经常用手或手臂取物、操作空间不足、工作姿势不舒适、下班后感到疲惫、上班途中时间长均是汽车制造厂工人下背痛的主要影响因素。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of low back pain in workers in automobile manufacturing plants. Methods A judgment sampling method was used to select 394 workers with working length ≥1 year in an automobile manufacturing plant as study subjects. A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the prevalence of low back pain in these workers using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire. Results The prevalence of low back pain in these study subjects was 28. 9%( 114/394). The multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that the relative risk ranked from high to low is as follow: uncomfortable working posture [Odds ratio( OR) =7. 31,95% confidence interval( 95% CI) = 2. 92-18. 28],feeling tired after work( OR = 5. 34,95% CI = 1. 22-23. 32],the commu time more than 30 minutes( OR = 2. 76,95% CI = 1. 38-5. 52),insufficient operating space( OR = 2. 22,95% CI = 1. 28-3. 83),hand or arm frequently used at work( OR = 2. 08,95% CI = 1. 14-3. 78) and age( OR = 2. 00,95% CI = 1. 19-3. 35),that were all risk factors of low back pain( P < 0. 05). Conclusion The frequent use of hand or arm at work,insufficient operating space,uncomfortable working posture,feeling tired after work,and long commute time are the main influencing factors affecting the low back pain of automobile manufacturing workers.