明末东北边疆政策的转变研究——以宽甸六堡内移为例

Policy Change of the Northeast Frontier in the Late Ming Dynasty——An Example of 6 Castles' Moving Inward in Kuandian

明代辽东边墙是针对当时东北少数民族不断南下袭扰而相应采取的一项防御性工程,并随后成为整个北边军事体系的重要组成部分。通过发挥城墙、壕堑对屯堡、关隘、墩台、驿站等设施的连结作用,使不同地域之间逐渐成为密切联系的统一整体,进而实现"距胡"和"划界"的最终目的。由此也决定了所谓的边境并不是长期固化、静止的存在,而是随着长城内外不同力量之间的此消彼长不断发生着变化。文章通过分析边墙东缘宽甸六堡在不同时期的移筑现象,发现其行为背后实际上是明与后金(清)长期攻守对峙状态下主动进行边疆经略调整的一种外在表象。

The East Wall of Liao was a defending military project against the minority who harassed down south in Ming Dynasty,which later became an important part for the whole north military system. The city wall and ditches linked the castles,gates,abutments,and courier stations and made regions closely related and united to realize the goal of"fighting against the foreign attack"and "demarcation". Frontier was not fixed and static but affected with the change of the force struggling in and out the wall. By analyzing the six castles’ moving inwardly along the east side of the wall. It is discovered that it was the presentation that the frontier adjustment as the result of the fighting between the Post-Jin and Ming.