主体立场上的法律融贯与理性重构——基于巴尔金理论的理解

Legal Coherence and Rational Reconstruction on the Subject's Position:An Understanding Based on Balkin's Theory

讨论法律是否融贯,必须从对"法律是否融贯的判断如何产生"这一问题的解答开始。融贯不仅是法律的一种客观属性,也是主体以特定方式思考法律的结果。如果某一法律能够获得一系列一致的原则或政策的合理支持,它就是融贯的。理性重构不仅是检验法律是否融贯的标准,也是主体理解法律的一种方式。理性重构是主体在众多法律资料中发现正当性理由的一种努力。法律的融贯出现在主体以理性重构方式理解法律的过程中,法律的融贯是主体努力通过理性重构方式理解法律的结果。理性重构只是主体对法律持有的一种解释立场,理性解构也是理解法律的重要途径。当我们以批判性态度检视法律不足时,就是在理性解构法律。理性重构与理性解构相互依赖。理性重构经常以理性解构为工具,理性解构也依赖对现有理论的理性重构。巴尔金在主体立场上观察法律是否融贯,进一步丰富了人们关于融贯论的认识,但并未有效地解决融贯论的一般性问题。

To discuss whether the law is coherence, one must begin with an answer to the question that how the judgment arises about whether the law is coherence. Coherence is not only an objective attribute of the law, but also the result of the subject thinking about the law in a specific way. A law is coherence if it is reasonably supported by a consistent set of principles or policies. Rational reconstruction is not only a standard to test whether the law is coherence, but also a way to understand the law by the subject. Rational reconstruction is a kind of effort to find the justified reasons in many legal materials. The legal coherence appears in the process of the subject understand the law through rational reconstruction. The legal coherence is the result of the subject understands the law through rational reconstruction. Rational reconstruction is only an interpretative position of understanding the law, and rational deconstruction is also an important way of legal understanding. When we examine the deficiencies of the law with a critical attitude, we are rationally deconstructing the law. Rational reconstruction and rational deconstruction depend on each other. Rational reconstruction often requires rational deconstruction as a tool. Rational deconstruction relies on rational reconstruction of existing theories. Balkin observes whether coherent the law in the main position. The theory further enriches the people’s understanding of the theory of coherence. But it does not give an effective solution to the general problems of the theory of coherence.