生态人类学视野下佤族刀耕火种生计模式变迁研究

Research of the Change of Livelihood Pattern of Wa Nationality with Regard to Slash and Burn Farming fromthe Perspective of Ecological Anthropology

佤族是云南的特有民族、跨境民族和"直过民族",主要分布在云南西南地区和缅甸北部地区的"阿佤山区"。在千年封闭的自然生境中,刀耕火种既是佤族主要的生计模式,也是佤族适应山地生境的一种策略。直到20世纪60年代后,在国家政策的强力干预下,以及随着"阿佤山区"人口密度的增加和森地面积的锐减,佤族这一传承千年的生计模式才逐渐走向衰落,到1990年代基本终结。本文试图通过佤族刀耕火种生计模式变迁研究,探寻云南山地民族传统生计模式生成和终结与生境之间的关系。

Wa nationality,across-border and directtransformed ethnic group in Yunnan province,is mainly distributed in "Wa mountains"of southwest Yunnan and north of Burma.Having lived in enclosed environment for thousands of years,Wa people depended on slashandburn farmingas their main livelihood pattern,which is also their adaption strategy for survival in mountainous areas.Since 1960s, under the guidance of national economic policy,coupled with the rapid growth of population and fast degradation of forest,the longstanding livelihood pattern of Wa nationality faded away and came to an end around 1990s.This paper is trying to find out the relation between the rise,decline of traditional livelihood pattern of Yunnan's ethnic minorities and living environment over there.