《三国志·魏书》史论与人物合传

Historical Criticisms and Combined Biographies in “Weishu” of SANGUOZHI

陈寿《三国志·魏书》史论杂糅人物品性和官职,导致学者在讨论其合传原则时莫衷一是。究其原因,《三国志·魏书》史论参考了魏晋时期的举状,既概括了人物的德行,又表明任官的能力,在形式和内容上与汉晋以来的史论都不相同。陈寿此举固然受到了魏晋之际清议风气的影响,但更主要的理由另有两个:其一,他希望表明清议能够选拔出合适的人才,以史论与西晋取士"才性合同"原则相呼应;其二,陈寿要通过自己的历史编纂,为汉魏、魏晋禅代之际的人物建立起正面的历史形象。

The historical criticisms were related to human character and posts in Chen Shou’s "Weishu" of SANGUOZHI, so it’s difficult to understand the principle of compiling combined biographies. In fact, the Juzhuang(recommendation) offered a lesson for the historical criticisms in "Weishu", which referred to moral character and administration ability, and it was different from other historical criticisms since the Han Dynasty. This principle was affected by the political criticisms at that time, but there are two other reasons being responsible for it, the first, Chen Shou believed that the political criticisms were helpful in selecting officers, so his historical criticisms coincided with the principle of paying attention to ability and reputation in selecting officers, and the second, Chen Shou wanted to build positive historical images of those personages at the turning points between the Han Dynasty and Wei Dynasty, and between the Wei Dynasty and Jin Dynasty.