拿破仑形象在中国的塑造与传衍

The Construction and Circulation of Napoleon’s Image in China

近代中国,拿破仑是在政界、学界享有盛誉的西方历史人物。鸦片战争前,拿破仑之言行首经西方传教士创办的报刊传入中国。而后,国人或亲临法国感受拿破仑之事迹,或通过中文图书报刊了解传播其史实。拿破仑被喻为扁鹊、项羽,成为近代社会精英阶层挽救民族危机效法的榜样。"中国化"的拿破仑在塑造过程中具有时代性、选择性、政治性的特征,并伴随着中国社会变革而跌宕起伏。拿破仑形象的塑造反映了近代知识分子在寻求对中国历史的新理解,它的传衍有助于激发国人的爱国热情,有利于建构近代中华民族精神。

As a famous western personage, Napoleon had a high reputation in modern Chinese political and academic circles. Before the First Opium War, Napoleon’s story was introduced into China through the newspapers established by Western missionaries. Thereafter, Chinese learned about Napoleon more through visiting France or reading Chinese books and magazines. Napoleon was viewed as Bian Que and Xiang Yu by Chinese elites, and he became a model of resolving the national crisis. The construction of Napoleon’s image had contemporary, selective and political characteristics, and it had changed with the Chinese social changes. The construction of Napoleon’s image reflected that the modern intellectuals were seeking a new understanding of Chinese history, and its circulation was helpful for Chinese to inspire patriotic enthusiasm and construct a modern Chinese national spirit.