中庭岛式商场火灾烟气及人员疏散研究

Study on smoke and evacuation in atrium island shopping mall

以某中庭岛式商场为例,按中庭洞口、不同火灾载荷、高风险店铺,设置8个火灾场景,使用PyroSim分析能见度分布、温度分布、有毒气体浓度分布,得出危险来临时间。根据人员疏散策略,使用Pathfinder分析人员疏散,得出所需安全疏散时间。根据模拟结果判定人员疏散安全性。结果表明:火灾时除中庭洞口周围的机械排烟设施打开之外,中庭与洞口相邻区域的回廊中消防分区内的机械排烟设施也应当开启运转,以保证人员的安全疏散。建议在地面一层与地下一层之间设置一条双向的避难通道,用于火灾发生时的紧急疏散。

Taking an atrium island shopping mall as an example,8 fire scenes were set up according to different holes,different fire loads and high risk stores,and the PyroSim was used to analyze the visibility distribution,temperature distribution and toxic gas concentration distribution,then the time of danger arrival was obtained.Based on the evacuation strategy,Pathfinder was used to simulate the personnel evacuation and the needed safe evacuation time was obtained.The safety of evacuation was determined by simulation results.The results showed that in addition to the opening of the mechanical smoke exhaust facilities around the mouth of the atrium under fire,the mechanical smoke removal facilities in the fire division of the corridors adjacent to the atrium and the entrance of the cave should also be opened to ensure the safe evacuation of the personnel.It is suggested to set up a two-way refuge passage between the ground floor and the underground floor for emergency evacuation in case of fire.