双宾结构的历时嬗变及形成动因

Diachronic Evolvement and Formation Inducement of the Double Object Constructions in Chinese

上古汉语中"V之N"格式可用为双宾结构,其中的名词N既可以是直接宾语,也可以是间接宾语。在"名词赋格"的作用下,催生了两种双宾句型:"V之N(直)"和"V之N(间)"。这种分化是在长期的历时使用中逐渐形成的,两种句式在古汉语中同时使用。但到了现代汉语时期,二者的使用频率和使用场合均发生了较大的变化,造成双宾句在普通话和方言中的分野。由于普通话的强势影响,"V之N(直)"在实际语用中占据绝对优势地位,"V之N(间)"的使用频率和使用场合渐趋式微。对此,我们尝试运用Hawkin(1983)的"重度等级"原则从语言的理解和生成角度做出合理解释。研究表明,汉语双宾结构的历史演变及其主流用法的形成与Arnold&Wasow(2000)认知心理的实验结果吻合。

"V 之 N" pattern can be used as double object construction in Classical Chinese. Under the function of "nouns realize the pattern" theory, it produced indirect object and direct object in the process of long-time using. Both of these two patterns coexisted in Classical Chinese but divided in Modern Chinese. They are continued to use in mandarin and local dialect respectively. For the powerful influence of mandarin, the usage of direct object has great priority while that of indirect object has faked. This paper makes reasonable explanation from the understanding and cognitive angle by applying the "heaviness hierarchy" principle proposed by Hawkin in 1983. The result indicates that the historical development and main usage formation of double object construction is in coincidence with the results from cognitive psychology experiment made by Arnold & Wasow in 2000.