闽南方言情态结构“有通”、“无通”的语义演变

The Semantic Changes of the Modal Structure “u 有/bo 无 thang 通” in Southern Min(闽) Dialects

闽南方言情态结构"无通"和"有通"是先后发展起来的。"有"和"无"不能简单地看作是分别对情态动词"通"所进行的肯定和否定。"有"和"通"最初的组合是出于语用的需要,而"无"与"通"最初的组合则是出于表义的需要。之后,"无通"和"有通"沿着各自的轨道不断地进行着语义上的演化。两者的语义演变都是多方向进行的,这些演变大都处于发展之中,过渡阶段普遍存在,三义并存的情况也并不罕见,既有共性,又有个性。它们不仅和人类其他语言有着共同的语义演变路径,而且和这些语言有着反向的语义演变路径,同时可以表达具有现实性的道义情态。更有甚者,"有通"所发生的双向语义演变还冲破了同一概念结构的限制。这些都是对情态理论的丰富和补充。

The modal structure "bo thang 无通" appeared earlier than "u thang 有通" in southern Min dialect. It is not the case that the word "u 有" and the word "w 无 u" simply make a affirmative and a negative respectively to the modal verb "thang 通". The first combination of "u 有" and "thang 通" is the need for pragmatic while the first combination of "bo 无" and "thang 通" is the need for expressing a sense. After that, the "wu thang 无通" and the "u thang 有通" occur semantic changes constantly along their respective tracks. The semantic changes of both are multi-tracks and most of these semantic changes are in the development, because transitional phases are widespread, and the situation of the three meanings coexisting is not rare. Those changes of both have both commonality and individuality. The two modal structures not only have the same paths of semantic changes as the modal verb of other languages, but also have the reverse paths of semantic changes in the modal verb of these languages, and even can express a realistic deontic modality. What’s more, the two-way semantic evolution of "u thang 有通" also breaks through the limitations of the same conceptual structure. These are all rich and complementary to the theory of modality.