婴儿湿疹发病相关危险因素调查分析

Investigation and Analysis of Risk Factors for Infantile Eczema

目的探讨兰州地区婴儿湿疹发病相关危险因素,为预防和控制兰州地区婴儿湿疹发病提供科学依据。方法采用问卷调查方式,收集就诊于兰州大学第一医院皮肤性病科及儿童保健中心的婴儿湿疹患儿及健康婴儿的生产史及抚养方式、家族过敏史、室内居住环境等64项相关信息。对所获数据进行统计分析。结果纳入研究组的湿疹患儿86例,对照组健康婴儿84例。两组一般和基线资料经统计学检验差异无统计学意义。在父母社会人口学特征中,家庭居住地不同(P=0. 032)、与婴儿同住家庭人口数(2人、3人、4人及以上)(P=0. 009; P=0. 045)差异有统计学意义;在父母行为方式中,患儿父亲吸烟暴露(P=0. 047)差异有统计学意义;在遗传背景因素中,父亲患有过敏性疾病(χ~2=4. 582,P=0. 032),差异有统计学意义。结论家庭居住地在城市、与婴儿同住家庭人口数增加、患儿父亲吸烟暴露、父亲患过敏性疾病提示为兰州地区婴儿湿疹发病的相关危险因素。

Objective To explore the risk factors for infantile eczema(IE),and to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of IE in Lanzhou,China.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect information on infants with and without IE admitted to Department of Dermatology and Child Health Center,First Hospital of Lanzhou University,including a total of 64 pieces of information on delivery history,parenting patterns,family history of allergies,and indoor living environment.Statistical analysis was performed on the data obtained.Results Eighty-six infants with IE and 84 healthy infants were included.The baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups.In terms of parents' social demographic characteristics,there were significant differences in different family residences(P=0.032),and the number of family members living with infants(2,3,4 and above)(P=0.009,P=0.045).As for parental behavior pattern,paternal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke(P=0.047)was statistically significant.In addition,paternal allergic diseases(P=0.032)was statistically significant in the factors of the genetic background.Conclusion Family residence in the city,an increased number of families living with infants,paternal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke,and paternal allergic diseases are the risk factors for the incidence of IE.