我国三沙市部分岛屿重要病媒生物调查

Survey of important vectors in Sansha, China

目的三沙市位于我国南海中北部,由于其远离大陆,地理距离遥远,交通不便,其病媒生物的调查缺乏系统性。作者通过近年来的多次调查,并结合以往文献报道,总结三沙市病媒生物名录。方法自2013—2017年,连续5年在三沙市永兴岛、石岛和赵述岛对重要病媒生物进行采集和鉴定,主要通过布放鼠笼捕获鼠形动物并收集体表寄生虫,悬挂诱虫灯捕捉吸血节肢动物,依据外部形态特征并结合分子标志种类鉴定病媒生物种类。结果采集和鉴定重要病媒生物共57种(包括文献记录的23种):鼠形动物4种,蚊7种,蝇21种,白蛉1种,蠓8种,虱1种,蚤1种,臭虫2种,蜚蠊5种,硬蜱1种,恙螨4种和革螨2种。其中按蚊属、毛蛉科、蠓科、虱目和硬蜱科的种类,以及温带臭虫、斑蠊、拟德国小蠊和蔗蠊为三沙市首次记述。结论三沙市分布的病媒生物种类多,有相关疾病流行的潜在风险,需要加强监测与防控。

Objective Sansha City are located in the north-central South China Sea. Because of their isolation from themainland, geographical distance and inconvenient transportation, the investigation of vector was not systematic. Wesummarized the list of important vector in Sansha City by several investigations in recent years and combination with previousliterature reports. Methods The vector were collected in Yongxing Island, Shi Island and Zhaoshu Island in Sansha City,2013-2017. The mouse cage traps were used to capture myomorph, and light traps were used to capture arthropods. Thespecimens were observed by microscopy(or stereomicroscope) and visual inspection. The species of the vectors were identifiedby external morphological characteristics and the molecular markers. Results A total of 57 vector organisms were identifiedin Xisha Island(23 species of document records), including 4 species of myomorph, 7 species of mosquitoes, 21 species of flies,1 species of sandfly, 8 species of midges, 1 species of louse, 1 species of flea, 2 species of bedbugs, 5 kinds of cockroaches, 1kind of tick, 4 kinds of chiggers and 2 kinds of gamasida. Among them, the species of Genus Anopheles, Family Psychodidae,Family Ceratopogonidae, Order Phthirapteraand Family Ixodidae, as well as Cimexlectularius, Neostylopygarhombifolia,Blattellalituricollis and Pycnoscelussurinamensis were firstly described in Sansha City. Conclusion There are manypopulations of vector organisms, suggesting a potential risk of vector-borne diseases in Sansha City, China.