口腔健康风险评估工具对智力发育障碍儿童口腔保健的影响

Effects of oral health risk assessment tools on oral health of children with mental developmental disabilities

目的基于口腔健康风险评估工具评估智力发育障碍儿童口腔健康风险,探讨口腔护理干预效果。方法于2016年2月—2018年2月采用随机整群抽样的方法选取本市6个聋哑学校6～10岁智力发育障碍儿童共316名,进行基于口腔健康风险评估工具的问卷调查,并将有口腔健康风险的儿童按随机数字表法分为对照组(126例)和干预组(125例),对照组无护理干预措施,干预组采用综合护理干预,进行1年跟踪随访,评价蛀牙风险及牙齿恢复性需求,记录龋齿数量及牙周情况。结果 316名智力缺陷儿童中城区儿童198例,郊县118例。城区儿童中有蛀牙风险人数为153例(77.3%),郊县人数为98例(83.1%)。198例城区儿童中需要口腔护理人数为168例(84.8%),郊县儿童数为108例(91.5%)。干预跟踪1年后,2组干预后蛀牙风险及恢复性需求相比,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。对照组患有龋齿人数65例,平均龋齿数(2.1±0.5)颗,干预组有龋齿人数20例,平均龋齿数(1.2±0.2)颗,2组儿童龋齿情况相比差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。此外,对照组牙龈出血55例,牙结石74例,干预组牙龋出血21例,牙结石25例,与对照组相比,干预组牙周情况显著改善(均P<0.01)。结论智力发育障碍儿童中普遍存在口腔健康问题,郊县比城区更严重,及时进行早期口腔护理干预可以有效改善口腔健康问题。

Objective To evaluate the oral health risk of children with intellectual development disorder based on the oral health risk assessment tool and to explore the effect of oral care intervention.Methods A total of 316 children aged6 to 10 years old with mental disabilities in 6 deaf schools in the city were randomly selected for a questionnaire survey based on oral health risk assessment tools.Children with oral health risks were divided into control group(126 cases)and intervention group(125 cases).Without nursing interventions,the intervention group used comprehensive nursing interventions to conduct a 1-year follow-up survey to assess the risk of dental caries and dental restorative needs,and to record the number of dental caries and periodontal conditions.Results Of 316 cases,198 were in urban area and 118 in suburban area.There were 153 cases(77.3%) of children with dental caries in urban areas and 98 cases(83.1%) in suburban areas.Among 198 urban children,168(84.8%) required oral care,and 108 children(91.5%) were children in suburban areas.After one year of intervention and tracking,there was a statistically significant difference in the risk of tooth decay and restorative demand after intervention in both groups(P < 0.01).The control group had 65 cases of dental caries,and the average number of caries was 2.1 ± 0.5.There were 20 cases of dental caries in the intervention group and the average number of caries was 1.2 ± 0.2.There was a significant difference in caries between the two groups(P < 0.01).In addition,the control group had 55 cases of gingival bleeding,74 cases of calculus,21 cases of gingival bleeding in the intervention group,and 25 cases of dental calculus.Compared with the control group,and the periodontal status of the intervention group was significantly improved(P < 0.01).Conclusion Oral health problems are common among children with mental retardation.Suburban counties are more severe than urban areas.Oral care interventions can effectively improve oral health problems.