岩层控制与煤炭科学开采——记钱鸣高院士的学术思想和科研成就

Strata control and scientific coal mining——A celebration of the academic thoughts and achievements of Academician Minggao Qian

全面总结了钱鸣高院士在岩层控制与煤炭科学开采领域的学术思想和科研成就,主要包括:采场上覆岩层活动规律与"砌体梁"结构力学模型、采场支护整体力学模型、岩层控制的关键层理论、煤炭资源的绿色开采与科学开采等方面。"砌体梁"结构模型是迄今解释采场矿山压力最完善的力学模型,是对传统定性假说的重大突破,是钱鸣高院士学术思想的基础。以此为基础,他带领团队创立了一套比较完整的煤矿采动岩层控制理论与技术体系,科学地解释了采动岩层破断运动过程中的矿压显现、裂隙演化、应力场变化和地表沉陷等一系列采动岩体活动规律,建立了定量分析的力学模型和设计方法,形成了相应的控制技术。由此发展到绿色开采和科学采矿,对学科的发展产生了深远影响,在推动我国煤炭科技的发展和实现科学开采方面作出了重大的历史性贡献。

This paper summarizes the academic thoughts and achievements of Academician Minggao Qian in the fields of strata control and scientific coal mining, including the laws of overburden movement, the "voussoir beam" model, the key strata theory, green mining and scientific mining. The "voussoir beam" describes roof strata deformation mechanisms and behavior in coal mining, and is the most successful model in the field to date. It was a quantum leap over traditional theories, and lies at the heart of Academician Qian’s further work. Based on the model, he and his team have established a near-complete theory and engineering system for overlying strata control, which explains, in a scientific way, a series of complex mining-induced strata behaviors such as fracture propagation, stress-regime changes and surface subsidence, and delivers a complete analytical model of quantitative strata deformation analysis, design methods and control solutions. In addition, Academician Qian initiated and promoted the green mining and scientific mining systems, which have greatly influenced the discipline of mining engineering, and are a profound historic contribution to the advancement of science and technology in coal mining, and have led to the adoption of the scientific mining approach in China.