中国精英女子赛艇运动员划桨技术特点分析

Technical Characteristics of Chinese Female Elite Rowers

目的:以国家队和赛艇优势省队运动员为测试对象,总结分析我国精英女子赛艇运动员的划桨技术特点。方法:27名运动员参与本研究,利用"BioRow Tel"系统测试五种桨频(20、24、28、32、36桨/分)下的划桨技术,测试参数包括划桨节奏、桨叶轨迹、桨力特征等。结果:拉桨时间百分比随桨频的提高显著提高;入水角、出水角和划幅在中低桨频下非常稳定,但在接近比赛桨频时显著下降;抓水打滑和出水打滑均随桨频的增加而显著增加;与桨力相关的参数对桨频的变化相对不敏感。结论:我国运动员较为注重桨叶入水和拉桨前段,表现出的技术较好,而在拉桨后段特别是桨叶出水阶段暴露出的问题比较大;临近比赛桨频时的技术同中低桨频时相比存在比较明显的下降。训练中要解决好拉桨后段和桨叶出水的问题,并注重提高运动员在比赛桨频时的划桨技术。

The objective was to investigate the technical characteristics of the Chinese female elite rowers.A biomechanical analysis system called"Biorow Tel"was used to determine the rowing kinematics and kinetics of 27 elite female rowers during a routine step test which comprised five steps at a series of different stroke rates from 20 to 36strokes per minute.Parameters related to stroke rhythm,blade path,and oar force were selected to analyze the subjects’ technical characteristics.It showed that as the stroke rate increased,the percentage of the drive time during a cycle increased significantly.Catch angle,release angle and total angle remained consistent within middle and low stroke rates and decreased near race rate.As stroke rate increased,both catch slip and release slip increased significantly.Stroke rate had relatively slight effect on the parameters related to handle force.It could be concluded that the Chinese female elite rowerrs made good performance at the catch and the first half of the drive phase.However,poor technique was found in the second half of the drive phase,especially at the finish.Technique was worse at race rate than at middle and low rates.Coaches and rowers should pay more attention to the second half of the drive phase,especially the finish,and improving the rowing skill at race stroke rate.