暗战:中美会谈背后的台美交涉(1955.8—1956.1)

Secret Fight: Negotiations between Taiwan Authorities and the United States behind the U.S.-China Talks (1955.8—1956.1)

1955年8月中美大使级会谈开始后的半年间,在中美谈判会场之外,台美间的交涉悄然进行。对于中美谈判,台当局是高度紧张的"局外方"。中美会谈是否会涉及金马"外岛",会谈是否会升为外长级,在美留学生遣返是否会扩大到全体侨民,会谈是否会造成别国对中华人民共和国的承认,放弃武力声明是否无碍于中共解放台湾的政策等,此类问题在台湾当局看来皆为关系重大之事,而美国或持有不同主张,或不肯对外明确表态,或虽有表态但已造成对台不利的事实。这些问题有一个共同的核心,那就是"两个中国"问题。美国欲以两面手法和模糊态度游移于国共之间,达到自身利益最大化。台当局在诸多具体问题甚至若干细微表述上的外交努力虽出自反共利己目的,但亦应肯定其在一个中国问题上的苦守与坚持。表面上看这场"暗战"收效微弱,然而,国共之间反对"两个中国"的默契更进了一步。

During the six months since the ambassadorial-level talks between China and the United States started in August 1955,negotiations between Taiwan Authorities and the United States had been secretly conducted outside the venue for Sino-US talks.On the Sino-US negotiations,Taiwan authorities were "outsider party" with highly charged emotions.Whether the talks would involve the "outer islands" of Kinmen and Matsu,whether the talks would be promoted to the level of foreign ministers,whether the repatriation of overseas students in the United States would be extended to all overseas nationals,whether the talks would cause the recognition of the People’s Republic of China by other countries and whether the declaration of renouncing force would not influence the CCP’s policy of liberating Taiwan and so on.Such problems were all matters of major importance to Taiwan authorities.However,the United States either held different opinions or refused to make it clear to the public,or it had already caused adverse facts on Taiwan despite of U.S.statement.These issues had a common core,that was,the "two Chinas" issue.The United States wanted to move between the KMT and the CCP with double-faced tactics and vague attitudes in order to maximize its own interests.Although the diplomatic efforts made by the Taiwan authorities in many specific issues and even some subtle expressions were acting out of anti-Communist and self-interest,their hard work and persistence on the one-China issue should also be approved.On the surface,this "secret fight" had a weak result,while the unwritten understanding between the KMT and the CCP against "two Chinas" took a step further.