“中美合作”视角下的台湾农村复兴——以“中国农村复兴联合委员会”(1948—1979)为案例的研究

Taiwan's Rural Reconstruction from the Perspective of “Sino-US Cooperation” ——A Research on “the Sino-American Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction”(1948—1979)

二战以后,作为资本主义阵营唯一的超级大国美国主导了一系列的国际援助活动,以扩大、渗透美国的影响力和领导力。在这样的背景下,"中美合作"的中国农村复兴联合委员会(农复会)于1948年10月1日在南京正式成立。1949年,农复会随"国民政府"迁台,主导了台湾地区的农业经济发展和农村复兴工作,取得了显著成效。1979年农复会改组为"行政院农业发展委员会",成为台湾地区农业的最高主管部门。本文着重从大中华的整体建构和历史连续的宏观视角来解读农复会的大陆背景、台湾工作,以及经验与教训,以尝试挑战当前农复会研究的美台中心趋向。这段农业历史的回顾梳理对于当前台湾史和中国史背向分裂、近现代史与当代史断代切割的窘迫现状是有力的回应。

After World War Ⅱ,the United States,as the sole superpower in the capitalist camp,led a series of International Aid programs to expand its influence and leadership.Under the circumstances,a "Sino-US" cooperated program,"Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction"(JCRR),was formally established in Nanjing on October 1,1948.In 1949,along with the resettlement of the "Nationalist Government",the JCRR mainly led the development of agricultural economy and rural reconstruction in Taiwan,and they achieved remarkable results.In 1979,the JCRR was reorganized as the "Committee of Agricultural Development of the Executive Yuan" which was the highest administrative department of agriculture in Taiwan.This paper interprets JCRR’s mainland background,Taiwan work,and its experiences and lessons,emphatically from the historically continuous perspective of the Greater China’s construction.Aiming to challenge the current US-Taiwan centered research on the JCRR,this historical review of the JCRR delivers a response to the current dilemma that Taiwan Residents history and Chinese history politically split and modern and contemporary Chinese history dynastically divided.In a long run,this paper demands more scholarly attention on the history of the JCRR.