中国如何扩大中等收入群体——基于技术进步偏向性视角的考察

How to Enlarge Middle Income Group in China?The Perspective of Technical Progress Bias

扩大中等收入群体,缓和收入分配差距,构建"橄榄型"收入分配结构。全面厘清技术进步偏向性、劳动收入份额及中等收入群体的内在逻辑关系,构建理论模型,从技术进步偏向性视角研究中国如何扩大中等收入群体。利用1993—2015年的省级面板数据,运用固定效应、随机效应及GMM估计等分析方法,从静态与动态两个层面,实证检验技术进步偏向性劳动收入份额对中等收入群体的影响。研究发现:无论要素替代弹性的大小(不等于1),无论从静态层面还是动态层面,无论从整体层面还是区域层面,只要技术进步偏向于劳动,技术进步偏向性劳动收入份额为正,提高技术偏向性劳动收入份额就可以有效且稳定地扩大中等收入群体,从而构建合理的收入分配结构。

The paper studies how to expand middle-income groups,narrow the income distribution gap,construct an "olive-type"income distribution structure,and clarify inherent logic relationship betw een technical progress bias,labor income share and middle-income groups comprehensively. How to expand middle-income groups in China is studied from the perspective of technical progress bias w ith a theoretical model constructed. With the application of provincial panel data from 1993 to 2015,the fixed effect,random effect and GM M estimation analysis methods are adopted to prove and check the impact and regional differences of technical progress biased labor income share to the middle-income groups from both static and dynamic perspective. The study results indicate that no matter elasticity of factor substitution is not equal to 1,from the aspect of static or dynamic level,or from overall level or regional level,as long as technical progress is biased to labor and technical progress biased labor income share is positive,the improved technical biased labor income share can effectively and stably expand middle-income groups and construct reasonable income distribution structure.